Addressing the unique health challenges posed by arboviral infections in Brazil, particularly for women, requires a comprehensive strategy that accounts for sex-based and age-based considerations. This approach should involve innovative data collection methods and advanced analytical techniques that focus on sex-specific and age-related impacts. Consistent and detailed arboviral data collection, along with geospatial information, will enhance analysis and visualizations, supporting informed policymaking and improving public health outcomes for specific populations.

Our analysis of DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV cases using Negative Binomial GLM models revealed significant demographic and temporal patterns. These findings underscore the need for public health interventions targeted at vulnerable populations, particularly women in reproductive age groups, who are disproportionately affected by these viruses. The use of normalized, sex-specific case rates enabled more accurate identification of municipalities with disproportionately high burdens of disease among women, supporting targeted, regionally sensitive public health interventions. Public health strategies must prioritize these groups to mitigate the impact of arboviruses in Brazil.

To fully understand the societal and health impacts of arboviruses, particularly on women, it is essential to extend data collection over a longer period, ideally 10–15 years. Such extended data collection should include sex-specific indicators and age-based approaches to illuminate the heightened exposure risks for women and potential comorbidities. The use of normalized, sex-specific case rates enabled more accurate identification of municipalities with disproportionately high burdens of disease among women, supporting targeted, regionally sensitive public health interventions. Furthermore, social and political factors contributing to increased exposure or risk should be examined, as these insights will guide the allocation of resources and the provision of care more effectively.

Longitudinal studies focused on both affected and unaffected women, as well as pregnant women, are critical to understanding the long-term effects of arboviruses on women’s health, including maternal and child health outcomes. Without a focused approach that emphasizes sex and age, the true scope of the impact of arboviral infections on women will remain obscured, which could undermine efforts to address these public health challenges effectively.

This study highlights the intersection of gender, age, and socioeconomic factors in contributing to arbovirus infection rates in Brazil. Further research on sex- and age-based disparities in arbovirus rates and outcomes will support efforts to improve women’s health and help close the gender and sex gaps in public health, both in Brazil and globally.